A Brief History of Valentine's Day

Empire Group | February 5, 2021



As soon as February 1st arrives, we start thinking about Valentine’s Day. Based on love, the holiday is symbolized through Cupid, red hearts, flowers and candy. Speaking of candy, Americans buy 58 million pounds of chocolate each year for Valentine’s Day. We know what to buy on this holiday of romance, but do we know why? Unfortunately, the origin of Valentine’s Day is a bit of a mystery. Many historians say the holiday can be traced back to two men, both named Valentine. 


The first Valentine was a temple priest named Valentine (St. Valentine of Rome), who was killed by Emperor Claudius II in the third century. The Emperor decided that single men made better soldiers. Thus, he outlawed marriages. Valentine defied the decree and married young couples in secret, and was killed. The second Valentine, also in the third century, was a bishop in Terni (St. Valentine of Interamna). He was killed for trying to convert the Emperor to Christianity. So, what is the connection between these men and the Valentine’s Day we know today? 


Since both men were martyrs and named Valentine, Pope Gelasius I named February 14th as St. Valentine’s Day. However, it wasn’t really due to their martyrdom. The Pope created the holiday to replace the Roman festival Lupercalia, which focused on fertility. One of the rituals was of men racing through Rome whipping women with scraps of sacrificed goats. Another ritual was of a child forced to pair couples. The couples had to live together for a year, hopefully leading to marriage and the birth of a child. The focus was changed from fertility to love. Hence, St. Valentine became the patron saint of lovers. 


As the centuries passed, the holiday spread to England and France. In these countries, February 14th is the beginning of the mating season for birds. This is created the idea that this date would be known as a day of romance. The act of passing “love” notes soon became part of the holiday. Some say the poet Geoffrey Chaucer had something to do with this since he wrote of romance, and some of his writings were dedicated to St. Valentine. In addition to the love notes (cards), candy and flowers were added as they were considered little tokens of affection. 


Whether you celebrate with cards, flowers or chocolates (or all three), the team at Empire Group wishes you a Happy Valentine’s Day! To learn more about us, visit our website


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